Me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana e puka mai ana, e hoʻonui hou ʻia ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka lawelawe ʻana o ka ʻoihana lapaʻau o Kina.Ua komo ka mākeke hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a me ka mākeke hana i kahi manawa hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻoihana i kēlā me kēia lā, e hoʻonui hou ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mākeke, no laila, ʻo ka ʻoihana valve o Kina i ka mākeke hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai he ākea ākea ākea.

Hoʻomau ka noi o ka mākeke holoʻokoʻa a hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻoihana lapaʻau ponolele lele, pōlele pōleleakiwi puka pukapili i ka ʻoihana hana machining, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke e alakaʻi nui ʻia e ka mākeke noi downstream.Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka urbanization a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka heluna kūlanakauhale ma Kina, ke piʻi mālie nei ka nui o ka lako wai o nā hana wai a me ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, e like me ka mālama ʻana.No laila, pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai i ka nui o ka ʻōpala sludge, valves a me nā mīkini pale kaiapuni a me nā lako.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā lako hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a me nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia, aia kahi ākea nui.ʻAʻole mamao loa ka hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka home ka mana hana piha o nā lako hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma Kina.ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole i hope, liʻiliʻi nā ʻano like ʻole, nāwaliwali ka hiki ke hoʻomohala.I nā huahana he nui, ʻo ka hapa o nā huahana mechanical maʻamau a me nā huahana mua, me kahi pae hou o ka mīkini, uila, mea hoʻohui mea hana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole i ka pae mua.Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻoihana mālama kaiapuni nui nui, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ka nele i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ponoʻī i nā huahana hou.

ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka huahana, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻenehana.Ma waena o 35% a me 40% o nā huahana aia ma ka pae honua o nā 1960s a me 1970s.Ma kahi o 1 / 5 o nā mea hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale i kēia manawa no ka huahana o ka hana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka manawa hoʻopau, a ma kahi o 2/5 no ka huahana pono e hoʻomaikaʻi.ʻOiai ke lawe ʻia aku nei nā lako hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale, ma ke ʻano nui, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka ʻenehana mea hoʻopukapuka, ʻo ka ʻāpana hoʻokuʻu aku, nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻāina he haiki, ma ka mākeke honua ʻaʻole ikaika ka hoʻokūkū.

ʻO nā mea hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ua hōʻea i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hana hou.Loaʻa i kā lākou ʻoihana hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai ʻino he 6 mau hiʻohiʻona:

1. Ua loa'a i ke kaona a me nā mea ho'oma'ema'e wai ho'ohehe'e 'oihana i ka standardization, stereotypes, serialization a me nā ho'onohonoho piha i ho'okumu i ka nui o ka ho'olaha 'oihana ki'eki'e o ka 'oihana lako wai.

2. ʻO nā lako hana wai, e like me ka ua, kānana, extraction, adsorption, microfiltration, electrodialysis, etc.

3. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale kaʻa wai piha lako i ka ulu nui-nui, Industrial wastewater lapaʻau lako me ke kaʻina hana o ka makua a me ka manaʻo i ka specialization, piha.

4. Ua hoʻomaopopo mālie nā mea pā, nā pāpaʻi, nā valves a me nā mea hana maʻamau e pili ana i ka mālama wai i ka hoʻolālā kūikawā a me ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻana e hoʻokō i nā pono kūikawā.

5. ʻO ka nele o nā kumu wai, ka pua algal, ka palekana o ka wai inu i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lako hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻino a me nā lako disinfection i kahi nui.

6. ʻO ka ʻenehana lapaʻau anaerobic ua uku nui ʻia, i hāpai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako hana anaerobic i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala organik kiʻekiʻe.

Me ka wikiwiki o ka urbanization a me ka ʻenehana i Kina, ke piʻi nei ka nui o nā koi wai i kēlā me kēia lā.I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole kaulike ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai, liʻiliʻi ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia kanaka.I loko o kēia pōʻaiapili, ua lilo ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i ʻoihana hou, a me ka hana ʻana i ka wai paipu, ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka wai, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka ʻoihana hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi like, no laila nui ka wahi hoʻomohala.