Seling wata fasaha ce ta gabaɗaya wacce ake buƙata don duk masana'antu, ba kawai gini ba, petrochemical, gini na jirgin ruwa, masana'antar injuna, makamashi, sufuri, kariyar muhalli da sauran masana'antu ba za su iya yin ba tare da fasahar hatimi Jirgin jirgin sama, sararin samaniya da sauran masana'antar yanke-baki suma suna da alaƙa da kusanci. fasahar rufewa.Ana amfani da fasahar rufewa sosai a fagage da yawa, kamar ajiyar ruwa, sufuri da canjin makamashi.

Muhimmancin fasahar rufewa sakamakon gazawar rufewa yana da matukar tsanani, hasken yayyo, yana haifar da asarar makamashi da albarkatu, nauyi zai sa aikin ya gaza, har ma ya haifar da wuta, fashewa, gurbacewar muhalli da sauran sakamakon cutar da lafiyar mutum. .

Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, yanayin aiki na tsarin rufewa ya fi tsanani.Yayin da yawan zafin jiki, matsa lamba da lalata na ruwa mai rufewa suna karuwa sosai, kayan aikin hatimi na gargajiya irin su ji, hemp, asbestos, putty da sauransu ba za su iya cika buƙatun amfani ba, kuma a hankali an maye gurbinsu da roba da sauran kayan haɗin gwiwa.

Roba kayan kamar roba ne kullum macromolecular polymers, a cikin abin da ayyuka kungiyoyin da daban-daban halaye (kamar chlorine, fluorine, cyano, vinyl, isocyanate, hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkoxy, da dai sauransu) zama aiki giciye-linking maki.Karkashin aikin mai kara kuzari, wakili mai warkarwa, ko babban zafin jiki da hasken wuta mai ƙarfi, canjin macromolecule daga tsarin layi da tsarin reshe zuwa tsarin cibiyar sadarwa na sarari, ana kiran wannan tsari curing.Vulcanized roba ko wasu kayan roba, macromolecules sun rasa ainihin motsi, wanda aka sani da babban nakasar elastomer.

Rubber na yau da kullun da kayan roba sune: roba na halitta, styrene-butadiene, neoprene, roba butadiene, roba na Ethylene propylene, roba butyl, roba na polyurethane, roba acrylate, roba na fluorine, roba silicone da sauransu.

6 Fihirisar Ayyuka Don Tabbatar da Ingancin Kayan Rufewa

1. Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙarfafawa

Kaddarorin ƙwanƙwasa su ne mafi mahimmancin kaddarorin kayan rufewa, gami da ƙarfin juzu'i, damuwa mai ɗorewa, haɓakawa a hutu da nakasar dindindin a lokacin hutu.Ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa shine matsakaicin matsi wanda aka miƙe samfurin zuwa karaya.Matsakaicin tsayin daka na yau da kullun (modulus na ci gaba da haɓakawa) shine damuwa da aka kai a ƙayyadadden haɓakawa.Tsawaitawa shine nakasar samfurin da ke haifar da ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi.Ana amfani da rabon haɓakar haɓakawa zuwa tsayin asali.A elongation a karya ne elongation a karya na samfurin.Nakasar dindindin ta ƙwanƙwasa ita ce nakasar da ta rage tsakanin layin alamar bayan karaya mai ƙarfi.

2. Tauri

Taurin kayan hatimin juriya ga matsa lamba na waje cikin iyawa, amma kuma ɗayan ainihin aikin kayan hatimi.Taurin kayan yana da alaƙa da wasu kaddarorin zuwa ɗan lokaci.Mafi girma da taurin, mafi girma ƙarfi, da ƙananan elongation, mafi kyawun juriya na lalacewa, kuma mafi muni da ƙananan zafin jiki.

3. Daidaitawa

Saboda da viscoelasticity na roba abu, matsa lamba zai rage tare da lokaci, wanda ya nuna a matsayin matsawa danniya shakatawa, kuma ba zai iya komawa zuwa asali siffar bayan cire matsa lamba, wanda ya nuna a matsayin matsawa m nakasawa.A cikin matsanancin zafin jiki da matsakaicin mai wannan al'amari ya fi bayyane, wannan aikin yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da karko na samfuran rufewa.

4. Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa

Fihirisar da aka yi amfani da ita don auna ƙananan yanayin zafin hatimin roba Hanyoyi biyu masu zuwa na gwada ƙarancin zafin jiki: 1) zafin jiki mai ƙarancin zafin jiki: abin rufewa ya shimfiɗa zuwa wani tsayi, sannan gyarawa, saurin sanyaya zuwa zafin jiki mai daskarewa. kasa, bayan kai ma'auni, sassauta da gwajin yanki, da kuma a wani adadin dumama, rikodin da style retraction 10% , 30% , 50% da 70% lokacin da zazzabi da aka bayyana a matsayin TR10, TR30, TR50, TR70.Ma'auni na kayan shine TR10, wanda ke da alaƙa da zafin jiki na Brittleness na roba.Ƙananan sassaucin zafin jiki: Bayan da samfurin ya daskare zuwa ƙayyadadden lokaci a ƙayyadaddun ƙananan zafin jiki, samfurin yana lankwasa baya da gaba bisa ga ƙayyadadden kusurwa don bincika ikon hatimi na hatimi bayan maimaita aikin aiki mai ƙarfi a ƙananan zafin jiki.

5. Juriya Ko Matsakaici

Bugu da ƙari, tuntuɓar kayan haɗin mai na tushen mai, esters biyu, man silicone, a cikin masana'antar sinadarai wani lokaci suna haɗuwa da acid, Alkali da sauran kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata.Bugu da ƙari ga lalata a cikin waɗannan kafofin watsa labaru, a babban zafin jiki kuma zai haifar da fadadawa da raguwar ƙarfi, rage taurin;a lokaci guda, an fitar da kayan aikin filastik da abubuwa masu narkewa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar nauyi, raguwar girma, yana haifar da raguwa.Gabaɗaya, a wani zafin jiki, canjin Mass, ƙara, ƙarfi, haɓakawa da taurin bayan an nutsar da su a cikin matsakaici na ɗan lokaci ana iya amfani da su don kimanta juriyar mai ko matsakaicin juriya na kayan rufewa.

6. Resistance Tsufa

Abubuwan rufewa ta hanyar oxygen, ozone, zafi, haske, ruwa, damuwa na inji zai haifar da lalacewar aikin, wanda aka sani da tsufa na kayan rufewa.Tsawon tsufa (wanda kuma aka sani da juriya na yanayi) ana iya amfani da shi bayan salon tsufa na ƙarfi, haɓakawa, canje-canjen taurin don nuna cewa ƙaramin canjin canjin, mafi kyawun juriya na tsufa.

Lura: yanayin yanayi yana nufin jerin abubuwan tsufa, irin su faɗuwa, canza launi, tsagewa, foda da ƙarfin rage samfuran filastik saboda tasirin yanayin waje kamar bayyanar hasken rana, canjin zafin jiki, iska da ruwan sama.Ultraviolet radiation yana daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke inganta tsufa na filastik.