Ukubeka uphawu ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile obudingekayo kuzo zonke izimboni, hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa, i-petrochemical, i-shipbuilding, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, amandla, ezokuthutha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinye izimboni azikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokubeka uphawu ubuchwepheshe I-Aviation, i-aerospace kanye nezinye izimboni ezisezingeni eliphezulu nazo zihlobene eduze ubuchwepheshe bokufaka uphawu.Ubuchwepheshe bokubeka uphawu busetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi, njengokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuthutha kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla.

Ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe bokuvala imiphumela yokwehluleka kokuvala kubi kakhulu, ukukhanya kokuvuza, okuholela ekumoshweni kwamandla nezinsiza, okusindayo kuzokwenza ukwehluleka ukusebenza, futhi kukhiqize umlilo, ukuqhuma, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye neminye imiphumela kubeka engcupheni ukuphepha komuntu siqu. .

Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, isimo sokusebenza sesakhiwo sokuvala sinzima kakhulu.Njengoba izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nokubola koketshezi oluvaliwe kukhuphuka kakhulu, izinto zokuvala zendabuko ezifana nemizwa, i-hemp, i-asbestos, i-putty nokunye azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa, futhi kancane kancane zithathelwa indawo yirabha nezinye izinto zokwenziwa.

Izinto zokwenziwa ezifana nerabha ngokuvamile ama-polymers e-macromolecular, lapho amaqembu asebenzayo anezici ezihlukile (njenge-chlorine, i-fluorine, i-cyano, i-vinyl, i-isocyanate, i-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl, i-alkoxy, njll.) ibe amaphuzu asebenzayo axhumanisayo.Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, i-ejenti ephulukisayo, noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nemisebe yamandla aphezulu, i-macromolecule iyashintsha isuka ekwakhiweni komugqa kanye nesakhiwo esinamagatsha kuya kusakhiwo senethiwekhi yendawo, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphulukisa.Irabha evuvukele noma ezinye izinto zokwenziwa, ama-macromolecules alahlekelwa ukuhamba kwasekuqaleni, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuwohloka okuphezulu okunwebeka kwe-elastomer.

I-Rubber evamile nezinto zokwenziwa yilezi: irabha yemvelo, i-styrene-butadiene, i-neoprene, irabha ye-butadiene, irabha ye-Ethylene propylene, irabha ye-butyl, irabha ye-polyurethane, irabha ye-acrylate, irabha ye-fluorine, irabha ye-silicone nokunye.

Izinkomba Zokusebenza Eziyisi-6 Zokuthola Ikhwalithi Yezinto Zokutywina

1. Ukusebenza Okuqinile

Izakhiwo eziqinile yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinto zokuvala, kufaka phakathi amandla aqinile, ingcindezi engapheli, ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu kanye nokuwohloka okuhlala njalo ngesikhathi sekhefu.Amandla okuqina ingcindezi enkulu lapho isifanekiso sinwetshwa ukuze siphuke.Ingcindezi ye-elongation eqhubekayo (imoduli yokwelula okungaguquki) ingcindezi efinyelelwa ebudeni obucacisiwe.Ukwelula ukuwohloka kwesifanekiso esibangelwa amandla athile aqinile.Isilinganiso sokunyuka kwe-elongation kuya kubude bangempela sisetshenziswa.Ukwelulwa ngesikhathi sekhefu wukwelula ngesikhathi sekhefu lesifanekiso.I-deformation eqinile ehlala njalo i-deformation eyinsalela phakathi kwemigqa yokumaka ngemva kokuphuka okuqinile.

2. Ubulukhuni

Ukuqina kokumelana kwezinto zokuvala ingcindezi yangaphandle ibe yikhono, kodwa futhi nokusebenza okuyisisekelo kwezinto zokuvala.Ukuqina kwempahla kuhlobene nezinye izakhiwo ngezinga elithile.Ukuphakama kokuqina, amandla amakhulu, ukwehla kwe-elongation, kungcono ukumelana nokuguga, futhi kubi nakakhulu ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi.

3. Ukucindezelwa

Ngenxa ye-viscoelasticity yezinto zenjoloba, ingcindezi izokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubonisa ukuphumula kokucindezeleka okucindezelayo, futhi ayikwazi ukubuyela esimweni sokuqala ngemva kokukhipha ukucindezela, okubonisa njengokucindezelwa kwe-deformation unomphela.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye naphakathi kwamafutha lesi sigameko sibonakala ngokucacile, lokhu kusebenza kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuqina kwemikhiqizo yokuvala uphawu.

4. Ukusebenza Kwezinga Lokushisa Eliphansi

Inkomba esetshenziselwa ukukala izici zokushisa eziphansi zophawu lwerabha Izindlela ezimbili ezilandelayo zokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi: 1) izinga lokushisa elihlehliswayo lezinga lokushisa eliphansi: into yokuvala inwetshwa ibe ubude obuthile, bese ilungisiwe, ukupholisa ngokushesha kumazinga okushisa aqandayo. ngezansi, ngemva kokufinyelela ukulingana, khulula ucezu lokuhlola, futhi ngesilinganiso esithile sokushisa, bhala ukuhoxiswa kwesitayela 10% , 30% , 50% no-70% lapho izinga lokushisa livezwa njenge-TR10, TR30, TR50, TR70.Izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo yi-TR10, ehlobene nezinga lokushisa le-Brittleness yerabha.Ukuvumelana nezimo kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi: Ngemva kokuba isampula ifriziwe ukuya esikhathini esishiwo ezingeni lokushisa elishiwo eliphansi, isampula ligotshwa liye emuva naphambili ngokuya nge-engeli eshiwo ukuze kuphenywe ikhono lokuvala uphawu ngemva kwesenzo esiphindaphindiwe somthwalo oguquguqukayo ekushiseni okuphansi.

5. Uwoyela Noma Ukumelana Okumaphakathi

Ngaphezu kokuxhumana nezinto zokuvala ezisekelwe ngamafutha, ama-esters aphindwe kabili, uwoyela we-silicone, embonini yamakhemikhali ngezinye izikhathi athintana ne-asidi, i-Alkali nezinye imidiya ezonakalisayo.Ngaphandle kokugqwala kule midiya, ekushiseni okuphezulu kuzophinde kuholele ekwandiseni nasekunciphiseni amandla, ukunciphisa ubulukhuni;ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-plasticizer yezinto zokuvala kanye nezinto ezincibilikayo zakhishwa, okuholela ekunciphiseni isisindo, ukunciphisa umthamo, okuholela ekuvuzeni.Ngokuvamile, ekushiseni okuthile, ukuguqulwa kweMisa, ivolumu, amandla, ubude kanye nobulukhuni ngemva kokucwiliswa phakathi nendawo isikhathi esithile kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukumelana nowoyela noma ukumelana okuphakathi kwezinto zokuvala.

6. Ukumelana Nokuguga

Izinto zokuvala nge-oxygen, i-ozone, ukushisa, ukukhanya, amanzi, ukucindezeleka kwemishini kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwezinto zokuvala.I-Aging Resistance (eyaziwa nangokuthi ukumelana nesimo sezulu) ingasetshenziswa ngemva kwesitayela sokuguga samandla, ubude, izinguquko zokuqina ukukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushintsha lincane, kungcono ukumelana nokuguga.

Qaphela: isimo sezulu sibhekisela ochungechungeni lwezigigaba zokuguga, njengokufiphala, ukushintsha kombala, ukuqhekeka, impushana kanye nokunciphisa amandla emikhiqizo yepulasitiki ngenxa yethonya lezimo zangaphandle ezifana nokuchayeka elangeni, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, umoya nemvula.Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokukhuthaza ukuguga kwepulasitiki.