Ukutywinwa kubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo obuyimfuneko kuwo onke amashishini, hayi kuphela ulwakhiwo, i-petrochemical, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, ukwenziwa koomatshini, amandla, ezothutho, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye namanye amashishini akanakwenza ngaphandle kokutywinwa kobuchwephesha I-Aviation, i-aerospace kunye namanye amashishini abukhali nawo anxulumene ngokusondeleyo. iteknoloji yokutywina.Itekhnoloji yokutywina isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi, njengokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuthutha kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla.

Ukubaluleka kokutywinwa kwetekhnoloji iziphumo zokungaphumeleli kokutywinwa kubi kakhulu, ukukhanya kokuvuza, okukhokelela kwinkcitho yamandla kunye nemithombo, inzima iya kwenza ukusilela kokusebenza, kwaye ivelise umlilo, uqhushumbo, ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lomntu. .

Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, imeko yokusebenza yesakhiwo sokutywinwa inzima kakhulu.Njengoko iqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nokubola kolwelo olutywiniweyo lusanda kakhulu, izixhobo zokutywina zemveli ezinje ngokuziva, ihemp, iasbestos, iputty njalo njalo azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa, kwaye zitshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe yirabha kunye nezinye izinto zokwenziwa.

Izinto zokwenziwa ezifana nerabha ngokuqhelekileyo iipolymers ze-macromolecular, apho amaqela asebenzayo aneempawu ezahlukeneyo (ezifana ne-chlorine, i-fluorine, i-cyano, i-vinyl, i-isocyanate, i-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl, i-alkoxy, njl.) ibe ngamanqaku asebenzayo adibanisa umnqamlezo.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst, i-arhente yokunyanga, okanye ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nemitha ephezulu yamandla, utshintsho lwe-macromolecule ukusuka kwisakhiwo somgca kunye nesakhiwo se-branched ukuya kwisakhiwo sothungelwano lwesithuba, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba kukunyanga.Irabha enevulcanized okanye ezinye izinto zokwenziwa, iimacromolecules ziphulukana nokuhamba kwasekuqaleni, okubizwa ngokuba yi-high elastic deformation ye-elastomer.

I-Rubber eqhelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokwenziwa zezi: irabha yendalo, i-styrene-butadiene, i-neoprene, i-butadiene irabha, i-ethylene propylene irabha, irabha ye-butyl, irabha ye-polyurethane, i-raber acrylate, i-rubber fluorine, i-silicone irabha njalo njalo.

Izalathisi zokuSebenza ezi-6 zokumisela uMgangatho weZixhobo zokutywina

1. Ukusebenza kokuqina

Iipropathi ze-tensile zezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zemathiriyeli yokutywina, kubandakanya amandla okuqina, uxinzelelo oluhlala lukhona, ukwanda ngexesha lekhefu kunye noguquko olusisigxina ngexesha lekhefu.Amandla e-tensile lolona xinzelelo luphezulu apho i-specimen yolulelwe ukuphuka.Uxinzelelo lobude obuthe rhoqo (imodyuli yobude obungaguqukiyo) luxinzelelo olufikelelwa kubude obuchaziweyo.Ukolulwa kukuguqulwa komzekelo obangelwa kukuqina okucacisiweyo.Umlinganiselo wokunyuswa kwe-elongation kubude bokuqala usetyenziswa.Ubude ngexesha lekhefu kukwandiswa kwekhefu lomzekelo.I-tensile deformation isigxina yi-deformation eseleyo phakathi kwemigca yokumakisha emva kokuphuka kwe-tensile.

2. Ubulukhuni

Ubunzima bezinto zokutywina ukuchasana noxinzelelo lwangaphandle kwisakhono, kodwa kunye nenye yentsebenzo esisiseko yezinto zokutywina.Ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo buhambelana nezinye iimpawu kwinqanaba elithile.Okukhona ukuqina kokuqina, kokukhona ukomelela okukhulu, kokukhona ukuncipha kobude, kokukhona ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kwaye kokukhona ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kobushushu.

3. Ukucinezeleka

Ngenxa ye-viscoelasticity ye-rubber material, uxinzelelo luya kuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, olubonisa ukuphumla koxinzelelo oluxinzelelekileyo, kwaye alukwazi ukubuyela kwisimo sokuqala emva kokususa uxinzelelo, olubonisa njenge-compression deformation esisigxina.Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye neoli ye-oyile le nto ibonakala ngokucacileyo, le ntsebenzo ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuqina kweemveliso zokutywinwa.

4. Ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi

Isalathiso esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iimpawu zobushushu obuphantsi betywina lerabha Ezi ndlela zimbini zilandelayo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi: 1) iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi lokurhoxisa ubushushu: imathiriyeli yokutywina yolulwe ukuya kubude obuthile, emva koko ilungiswe, ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwiqondo lomkhenkce. ngezantsi, emva kokufikelela ukulingana, khulula isiqwenga sovavanyo, kunye nomlinganiselo othile wokufudumeza, urekhode ukuhoxiswa kwesitayela 10% , 30% , 50% kunye ne-70% xa ubushushu buchazwa njenge TR10, TR30, TR50, TR70.Umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo ngu-TR10, ohambelana nobushushu be-Brittleness yerabha.Ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi: Emva kokuba isampulu ingumkhenkce ukuya kwixesha elichaziweyo kwiqondo lobushushu elichaziweyo elisezantsi, isampuli igobe emva naphambili ngokweengile echaziweyo ukuphanda ukutywinwa kokutywinwa emva kwesenzo esiphindaphindiweyo somthwalo oguqukayo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi.

5. I-oyile okanye iMedium Resistance

Ukongeza ekudibaneni nezinto zokutywinwa ezisekelwe kwioli, i-esters ephindwe kabini, ioli ye-silicone, kwishishini lemichiza ngamanye amaxesha uqhagamshelana ne-asidi, i-Alkali kunye nezinye izinto ezidliwayo.Ukongeza kwi-corrosion kule midiya, kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu liya kukhokelela ekwandiseni nasekunciphiseni amandla, ukunciphisa ubunzima;ngelo xesha, i-plasticizer yezinto zokutywina kunye nezinto ezinyibilikayo zakhutshwa, ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni ubunzima, ukunciphisa umthamo, okubangelwa ukuvuza.Ngokubanzi, kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, utshintsho lweMisa, umthamo, amandla, ubude kunye nobunzima emva kokuntywiliselwa kwindawo ephakathi ixesha elithile lingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kweoli okanye ukuxhathisa okuphakathi kwezinto zokutywinwa.

6. Ukuchasa ukuguga

Izinto zokutywina nge-oxygen, i-ozone, ukushisa, ukukhanya, amanzi, uxinzelelo lomatshini luya kukhokelela ekudakaleni kokusebenza, okubizwa ngokuba kukuguga kwezinto zokutywina.Ukwaluphala Resistance (ekwaziwa ngokuba yimozulu ukumelana) ingasetyenziswa emva isimbo ukwaluphala amandla, elongation, ukuqina utshintsho ukubonisa ukuba incinci izinga lotshintsho, ngcono ukumelana ukwaluphala.

Qaphela: ubume bemozulu bubhekisa kuthotho lweziganeko ezigugayo, ezinje ngokufadalala, ukuguquka kombala, ukuqhekeka, umgubo kunye nokunciphisa amandla eemveliso zeplastiki ngenxa yempembelelo yeemeko zangaphandle ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga, utshintsho lobushushu, umoya kunye nemvula.Imitha ye-ultraviolet yenye yezinto eziphambili zokukhuthaza ukuguga kweplastiki.